The Role of Customer Reviews in US and Canadian Marketing Strategies

Two new laws, the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Digital Markets Act (DMA), got political agreement concurrently in March 2022. Protecting online users' fundamental rights and supporting fair competition in regional markets will help the rules control digital markets (European Commission, 2022). While pushing openness in algorithmic systems, the DSA aims to hold platform owners responsible for the dissemination of false information and illegal content. To counteract anti-competitive behavior in European markets, the DMA aims to encourage interoperability among several digital platforms and services. 

The effective date for both legislative acts has been set by the European Commission (2022) as January 1st, 2024. 


Unlike the GDPR, this policy will protect non-personal data as well as data linked with legal entities. All marketing-related cookies and data used in digital marketing will need consent, therefore limiting companies' present commercial activities (González et al., 2020). Should the EPR be carried out as it is, digital marketing companies (Mikkelsen et al., 2019) are expected to be greatly affected. Nevertheless, the delayed deployment of the EPR defies earlier projections and raises questions regarding its possible execution until 2023. The 24-month transition time of the present proposal guarantees that it will not take effect before 2025 (Rammos & Harttrumpf, 2022). Although well-known consultancies like McKinsey & Company advise keeping current on developments and being ready for compliance, it is important to understand that the impacts of this law might not be visible for several years. It is thus not now recognized as a key priority in the digital sector (Mikkelsen et al., 2019). 
The European Council (2022) claims that the EU has unequivocally given data portability and interchange top priority alongside addressing "self-preferencing" conduct in search engine rankings. 

Globalization of Privacy Regulations


With countries all over, including big economies like Brazil, India, and the United States, enacting new laws, the worldwide drive for stricter privacy protections has acquired momentum recently. UNCTAD (n.d.) reports that privacy laws have been adopted by 137 of the 193 countries. It should be mentioned, therefore, that these rules have very different degrees of relevance, extent, and importance. Many countries all throughout the world have adopted GDPR ideas, which has led to the application of data protection rules by over ten non-European countries (Mercer, 2020). To assist you grasp global efforts, below is a brief summary of the three privacy laws in California (US), Brazil, and India. General Law of Brazil for Dog Protection (LGPD). Mostly derived on the GDPR, the LGPD was adopted in August 2020. It incorporates a fine mechanism (El-Khoury, 2021), has extraterritorial relevance to companies functioning in Brazil, and addresses a range of legal justifications for handling personal data. Given Brazil's status as the biggest economy in Latin America, it is likely that it will influence how privacy rules are applied in neighbors. These nations might be required to comply with the LGPD in order to conduct business in Brazil, claims Niebel (2021).This study is to look at whether comparable trends show in the domain of privacy and whether WTS directly correlates with brand trust. This study will include pertinent information about the research field by including pertinent. By means of analysis of moderation and mediation variables, one can have a better knowledge of the influence and fundamental causes of an effect. 

The Personal Data Protection Bill (PDP) from India Though as of May 2022 the Indian government is still assessing the PDP Bill, it is expected to adopt a rights-based approach akin to the GDPR. 


This approach follows guidelines for the right to view, correct, or erase personal data and promotes data subjects' protection. Its scope will also be national-border transcending and occasionally surpassing the GDPR. For instance, it will significantly restrict the transfer of sensitive personal data across borders (El-Khoury, 2021). Applying in California is the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). Long lastingly, the CCPA is the first thorough data protection law in the United States—more especially, in California. El-Khoury (2021) claims that this important legislation went into force in 2020. Though it covers many GDPR principles, like the two previous examples, its scope is less overall. For instance, it only covers businesses in California and lacks jurisdiction outside that (Niebel, 2021). Situational, behavioral, and contextual components as well as personal view of risk and benefits can all affect WTS. The review of the literature explores numerous ideas and concepts relevant to the project. Contextual elements have been proven to significantly influence choices on disclosure, including Table 1 offers a thorough summary of the terrain of the literature, stressing the main ideas drawn from the evaluation of the works as well as the writers and publishing year of every research output.

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